The study by the United States Study Center, at the University of Sydney, in Australia, warned that America's defense strategy in the Indo-Pacific region "is in the throes of an unprecedented crisis" and could struggle to defend its allies against China.
That means Australia, Japan and other US partners need to build up and refocus their forces in the region, and consider increased cooperation with the US, to ensure their security, the study claimed.
The report highlights areas where China's military is making huge strides in comparison to the US and its Asian allies and partners. Chief among those is in missiles.
"China has deployed a formidable array of precision missiles and other counter-intervention systems to undercut America's military primacy," the report states. Those missiles number in the thousands, the report says.
Almost all US military installations in the Western Pacific, as well as those of its key partners and allies, "could be rendered useless by precision strikes in the opening hours of a conflict," according to the report.
China's Foreign Ministry said Monday it had not seen the report, but spokesperson Geng Shuang stressed that the country's military policy was "defensive in nature."
"China is firmly on a path of peaceful development and our national dense policy is defensive in nature," Shuang said.
CNN reached out to the Pentagon for comment but had not heard back at the time of publication.
Little surprise
Much of the Australian report should come as little surprise to the Pentagon.
A November 2018 report to Congress from the National Defense Strategy Commission said "the US military could suffer unacceptably high casualties" and "might struggle to win or perhaps lose, a war against China or Russia."
Six months later, the US Defense Department's annual report on China's military said Beijing was intent on developing a world-class military and becoming "the preeminent power in the Indo-Pacific region."
Upwards of 2,000 short-, medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that can hit land and sea targets are part of that plan, according to the Pentagon report.
The Australian study questions the US's ability to keep up with China's advances, and warns that Washington is facing a crisis of "strategic insolvency."
For example, the US is seeing its fleet of nuclear-powered attack submarines shrinking at a time when they are needed even more.
"Put simply, as the environment above the surface becomes more deadly because of Chinese deployments of cruise missiles, hypersonic technologies and anti-air defenses, America's enduring advantage in undersea warfare will become increasingly important in the regional balance of power," the report says.
But Adm. Phil Davidson, the head of the US Indo-Pacific Command, told Congress in March that he was only getting half of the submarines needed in the Pacific on a daily basis.
The Australian report says it is critical that Canberra and partners like Japan need to step up to fill the voids the US is leaving.
"Washington will require significant and ongoing support from its regional allies and partners to successfully deter Chinese adventurism," it said.
The report, for example, suggested that Australia increase its production of conventionally powered submarines, which are ideal for operations close to coastlines or in areas like the South China Sea.
It also encouraged "collective defense" through software that enables communications between allies.
Working together
Increased cooperation between the US and its allies is already happening.
The US and Australia recently completed their biennial Talisman Sabre exercises in northern Australia, which this year also included a bulked-up Japan Self-Defense Force contingent performing two amphibious landings.
The Australian report said more of the same is needed, and farther afield from Australia.
"Exercises should practice and demonstrate rapid dispersal of air- and land-based strike forces from concentrated basing in mainland Japan, Okinawa and Guam, to small geographically diverse operating locations (around the South China Sea)," it said.
"The primary aim of such exercises should be to bolster the collective ability to deter, deny and, if necessary, blunt potential Chinese fait accompli aggression," it said.
The report noted that the Australian military is beset by one of the same ills hurting its American allies -- spreading its forces too thinly. Between 2001 and 2018, Australia spent more than three times as much on operations in the Middle East than it did in the Indo-Pacific.
The strain that conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria have placed on the US military's budget, equipment and operations had "ill-prepared" Washington "for great power competition in the Indo-Pacific," it said.
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